Theme: Plenaries & invited speakers Year: 2025
This session provided an overview of core health economic principles and methods, explaining how concepts such as opportunity cost, cost‑effectiveness, thresholds, and modelling are used to inform decisions under resource constraints. The presentation highlighted the role of health economics in building credible investment cases that translate evidence into policy‑relevant budget and prioritisation choices, particularly in settings facing fiscal pressure. Drawing on case studies from HIV and viral hepatitis in South Africa and globally, the session demonstrated how economic modelling and investment cases have influenced national policies, program design, and funding decisions – while also illustrating gaps where affordability, uncertainty, or limited data have constrained the uptake of otherwise effective harm reduction and treatment interventions.
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